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I have a Samsung Galaxy S3 (SGH-I747 AT & T) has no root. Recently it began to turn in the middle of use and not start again. First, connect the charger would start and get working. But after a couple of days I progressed to the point not to start at all anymore. I can put it into Recovery Mode and Download mode but nothing more. Before continuing in an attempt to fix the phone, there is a way to back up data and, above all, the images and sound recordings? (No, you do not have an SD card installed. And yes, I know I should have).

I've never worked with this kind of thing before (rooting, CWM, ADB, etc), but I have a remedial understanding of programming and am ready to get my hands dirty, as long as the instructions are clear. Please answer as if he had no idea what you're talking about (which most likely will not).

Based on my preliminary research on this site and elsewhere, ideally do Nandroid backup and backup ADB. I read that the ADB backup requires USB debugging is enabled. But if the phone is not on, that I can do, right? Or is there a way to enable USB Debugging from the recovery / download mode? I'm assuming that you can not do and that the ADB option.

That miss a Nandroid backup. If I understand the process correctly, I need to download the USB drivers, Odin, and ClockworkMod on my PC, and then install CWM on the phone. From there, using CWM to make a backup on an external sdcard. Once the phone is fixed, root, install the backup Titanium and Titanium use to extract data from the backup. Does that sound right? Would it help?

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Personally, I am a user of the Nexus. But after repairing a friend of the international S3 variant before, I do know a few things about Samsung. And you do not have custom recovery, has no access to / data (the partition where the data is stored). So the way I know of will use a custom recovery for backup / restore data. This voids the warranty.
I'm assuming you already know the rooting process. So root and install CWM recovery (this is our link for data transfer).

The power recovery.

The backup / data recovery (you can backup internal sd card, whatever).

Now there are two approaches from here:

Approach 1: You are ready and willing to use custom ROM (can be changed to stock at any time, of course).

Download any custom ROM from your PC and transfer some external sd card. Put the SD card in the phone. Make sure the ROM is the same version of Android as the stock ROM you had in your phone.

Go to recovery (turn off the phone and turn it on by pressing and holding Power + Volume Up + home button. It may take several tries before getting successful recovery) and wipe data, cache, dalvic (not delete your user data. Just do not you restore factory settings, but manually clean data partition).

Install ROM from the external sd card. Backup restore data that you have made previously. Clean cache and cache dalvic again and restart the system. It may take a while to boot, but you should have in your applications and data back.

Approach 2: You do not want to use custom ROMs.

If this is the case, you will have to use ADB. The reason is the recovery of backup does not include the backup of your personal files in the user memory partition. So that's why you have to use ADB.

Energy recovery mode and connect the phone to the PC.

Open CMD / Terminal (ADB will use to pull personal files that were not backed up before).

Enter the command: adb pull / sdcard / * D: / Backup. This will start the copy of the personal files from your PC in a folder named Backup in D: / unit. This includes backup / data backup made earlier in the recovery.

Go to SamMobile and download stock firmware for your phone. Again, make sure the ROM is the same version of Android as the stock ROM you had in your phone (otherwise the backup application may not work).

The Flash ROM through ODIN.

Now you will have to flash CWM again.

After flashing CWM again, the power of recovery. And again, open CMD / Terminal and run the command: adb push D: / backup / sdcard. This will copy your personal files back to the phone.

Now restore apps, just use Restore recovery feature and select the / data backup made earlier. Clean cache, dalvic cache and restart the phone.

First reboot may take some time, but have your files and applications.

Note: As silly as it might be, but personally I never used Titanium Backup (or any type of backup applications that matter I always perform manual backups.). So I do not know if what role can TB have played here. But if you stick to this guide, you'll have your data back.

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